This comprehensive database, dedicated to understanding transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and related protein misfolding disorders, offers the most extensive collection of PrP variant sequences from mammals. With 424 distinct files representing sequences found in 904 mammal species, each file provides amino acid sequences and meticulous in vitro analyses assessing their propensity for spontaneous misfolding. Additionally, the database includes ranked lists of their relative abilities to adopt a pathogenic conformation, outcomes of in vitro infectivity assays, and in silico structural predictions of their native forms, along with stability information.
For additional information and to reference this study, please go to DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46360-2 (Nat Commun)
To initiate research collaborations, please contact Joaquín Castilla
Informative buttons above provide details on what information you’ll find when clicking each of them for the respective PrP (refer to the list below)
Coming soon, hundreds of polymorphic variants will be included for species across various families/orders
PrP variant sequences considered wild type or reference sequences from all available mammal species can be found below, classified according to their taxonomic order
904 species – 424 distinct wt species
Lesser hedgehog tenrec (Echinops telfairi)
Cape golden mole (Chrysochloris asiatica)
Tailless tenrec (Tenrec ecaudatus)
Talazac’s shrew tenrec (Microgale talazaci)Antilocapridae
Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana)
Bovidae
African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)
Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis)
Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)
Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)
Blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus)
Bohor reedbuck (Redunca redunca)
Common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia)
Common eland (Taurotragus oryx)
Cow (Bos taurus)
Domestic yak (Bos grunniens)
Gemsbok (Oryx gazella)
Gerenuk (Litocranius walleri)
Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros)
Harnessed bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus)
Impala (Aepyceros melampus)
Lesser kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis)
Lowland nyala (Tragelaphus angasii)
Maxwell’s duiker (Philantomba maxwellii)
Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa)
Mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni)
Nile lechwe (Kobus megaceros)
Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)
Royal antelope (Neotragus pygmaeus)
Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger niger)
Sheep (Ovis aries)
Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii)
Steenbok (Raphicerus campestris)
Takin (Budorcas taxicolor)
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus)
Camelidae
Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus)
Vicuna (Vicugna vicugna)
Cervidae
Elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis)
Fallow deer (Dama dama)
Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak)
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)
Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus)
Reeves’s muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi)
Giraffidae
Okapi (Okapia johnstoni)
Reticulata giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata)
Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)
Pygmy hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis)
Moschidae
Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster)
Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus)
Suidae
Common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus)
North Sulawesi babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis)
Pig (Sus scrofa)
Tayassuidae
Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri)
Tragulidae
Java mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus)
Ailuridae
Red panda (Ailurus fulgens)
Canidae
African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)
Black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas)
Coyote (Canis latrans)
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Eupleridae
Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox)
Felidae
Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii)
Bobcat (Lynx rufus)
Caracal (Caracal caracal)
Cat (Felis silvestris catus)
Geoffroy’s cat (Leopardus geoffroyi)
Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
Lion (Panthera leo)
Margay (Leopardus wiedii)
Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus)
Herpestidae
Banded mongoose (Mungos mungo)
Common dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula)
Javan mongoose (Herpestes javanicus)
Meerkat (Suricata suricatta)
Hyaenidae
Aardwolf (Proteles cristata)
Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)
Mephitidae
Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
Western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis)
Mustelidae
American mink (Neovison vison)
Ferret (Mustela putorius)
Honey badger (Mellivora capensis)
Stoat (Mustela erminea)
Wolverine (Gulo gulo)
Odobenidae
Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)
Otariidae
Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella)
Phocidae
Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus)
Common seal (Phoca vitulina)
Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi)
Ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis)
Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina)
Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)
Procyonidae
Kinkajou (Potos flavus)
Ursidae
Brown bear (Ursus arctos)
Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus)
Viverridae
Binturong (Arctictis binturong)
Balaenopteridae
Whale (Balaenoptera physalus)
Delphinidae
Common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens)
Iniidae
Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis)
Baiji (Lipotes vexillifer)
La Plata dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei)
Monodontidae
Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas)
Phocoenidae
Narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis)
Physeteridae
Sperm whale (Physeter catodon)
Platanistidae
South Asian river dolphin (Platanista gangetica)
Ziphiidae
Northern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus)
Sowerby’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens)
Stejneger’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon stejnegeri)
Ziphius (Ziphius cavirostris)
Craseonycteridae
Kitti’s hog-nosed bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyai)
Hipposideridae
Cantor’s roundleaf bat (Hipposideros galeritus)
Great roundleaf bat (Hipposideros armiger)
Megadermatidae
Greater false vampire bat (Megaderma lyra)
Molossidae
Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis)
Velvety free-tailed bat (Molossus molossus)
Mormoopidae
Antillean ghost-faced bat (Mormoops blainvillei)
Parnell’s mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii)
Noctilionidae
Greater bulldog bat (Noctilio leporinus)
Phyllostomidae
California leaf-nosed bat (Macrotus californicus)
Common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus)
Fringe-lipped bat (Trachops cirrhosus)
Hairy big-eared bat (Micronycteris hirsuta)
Honduran yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira ludovici hondurensis)
Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis)
Pale spear-nosed bat (Phyllostomus discolor)
Seba’s short-tailed bat (Carollia perspicillata)
Stripe-headed round-eared bat (Tonatia saurophila)
Tailed tailless bat (Anoura caudifer)
Pteropodidae
Black flying fox (Pteropus alecto)
Cave nectar bat (Eonycteris spelaea)
Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus)
Indian short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx)
Leschenault’s rousette (Rousettus leschenaultii)
Long-tongued fruit bat (Macroglossus sobrinus)
Madagascan rousette (Rousettus madagascariensis)
Straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum)
Rhinolophidae
Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus)
Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)
Vespertilionidae
Big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus)
Brandt’s bat (Myotis brandtii)
Common bent-wing bat (Miniopterus schreibersii)
David’s myotis (Myotis davidii)
Evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis)
Great evening bat (Ia io)
Hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus)
Kuhl’s pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii)
Little tube-nosed bat (Murina aurata feae)
Lump-nosed bat (Plecotus auritus)
Natal long-fingered bat (Miniopterus natalensis)
Northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis)
Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus)
Rickett’s big-footed bat (Myotis ricketti)
Townsend’s big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii)
Yuma myotis (Myotis yumanensis)
Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)
Southern three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus)
Screaming hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus vellerosus)
Southern naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous unicinctus)
Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)
Brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii)
Yellow-footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes)
Northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus)
Fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata)
Eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus)
Numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus)
Thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus)
Brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa)
Sunda flying lemur (Galeopterus variegatus)
Opossum (Monodelphis domestica)
Agile gracile opossum (Gracilinanus agilis)
Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana)Burramyidae
Western pygmy possum (Cercartetus concinnus)
Macropodidae
Eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)
Matschie’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei)
Quokka (Setonix brachyurus)
Red kangaroo (Macropus rufus)
Rufous hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes hirsutus)
Wallaby (Macropus eugenii)
Yellow-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus)
Petauridae
Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)
Leadbeater’s possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri)
Phalangeridae
Common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Ground cuscus (Phalanger gymnotis)
Phascolarctidae
Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Potoroidae
Gilbert’s potoroo (Potorous gilbertii)
Woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi)
Pseudocheiridae
Plush-coated ringtail possum (Pseudochirops corinnae)
Western ringtail (Pseudocheirus peregrinus occidentalis)
Vombatidae
Common wombat (Vombatus ursinus)
European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus)
Short-tailed gymnure (Hylomys suillus)
Four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)
Rock hyrax (Procavia capensis)
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Brown hare (Lepus europaeus)
American pika (Ochotona princeps)
Brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)
New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis)
Cape elephant shrew (Elephantulus edwardii)
Round-eared elephant shrew (Macroscelides proboscideus)
Colocolo opossum (Dromiciops gliroides)
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
Short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)
Southern marsupial mole (Notoryctes typhlops)
Horse (Equus caballus ferus)
Przewalski’s horse (Equus caballus przewalskii)
Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)
Asinus (Equus asinus)
Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus)
South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris)
Pangolin (Manis javanica)
Tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis)
Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla)
Silky anteater (Cyclopes didactylus)
Brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus)
Linnaeus’s two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus)
Giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)
Southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla)Aotidae
Gray-bellied night monkey (Aotus lemurinus)
Three-striped night monkey (Aotus trivirgatus)
Atelidae
Brown woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha)
Geoffroy’s spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi)
Red-faced spider monkey (Ateles paniscus)
Red-handed howler (Alouatta belzebul)
Southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides)
Cebidae
Black-capped squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis)
Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator)
Golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia)
Golden-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas)
Panamanian white-faced capuchin (Cebus capucinus)
Pied tamarin (Saguinus bicolor)
Squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
Cercopithecidae
Angola colobus (Colobus angolensis palliatus)
Angolan talapoin (Miopithecus talapoin)
Drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus)
Gelada (Theropithecus gelada)
Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx)
Pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina)
Sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys)
Cheirogaleidae
Coquerel’s giant mouse lemur (Mirza coquereli)
Fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius)
Golden-brown mouse lemur (Microcebus ravelobensis)
Gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus)
Daubentoniidae
Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis)
Galagidae
Mohol bushbaby (Galago moholi)
Northern greater galago (Otolemur garnettii)
Hominidae
Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
Human (Homo sapiens)
Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)
Hylobatidae
Eastern hoolock gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys)
Indridae
Coquerel’s sifaka (Propithecus coquereli)
Indri (Indri indri)
Lemuridae
Greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus)
Lorisidae
Pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus)
Red slender loris (Loris tardigradus)
Sunda slow loris (Nycticebus coucang)
Pitheciidae
Black bearded saki (Chiropotes satanas)
Red-bellied titi (Callicebus moloch)
Rio Tapajós saki (Pithecia irrorata)
White-eared titi (Callicebus donacophilus)
Tarsiidae
Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta)
Elephant (Loxodonta africana)Aplodontiidae
Mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa)
Bathyergidae
Damaraland mole-rat (Cryptomys damarensis)
Mashona mole-rat (Cryptomys darlingi)
Naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber)
Capromyidae
Desmarest’s hutia (Capromys pilorides)
Castoridae
North American beaver (Castor canadensis)
Caviidae
Brazilian guinea pig (Cavia aperea)
Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)
Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii)
Patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum)
Chinchillidae
Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)
Cricetidae
Armenian hamster (Cricetulus migratorius)
Bank vole (Myodes glareolus)
California mouse (Peromyscus californicus insignis)
Campbell’s dwarf hamster (Phodopus campbelli)
Canyon mouse (Peromyscus crinitus)
Chinese hamster (Cricetulus barabensis)
Common vole (Microtus arvalis)
Creeping vole (Microtus oregoni)
Desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida)
European water vole (Arvicola amphibius)
Field vole (Microtus agrestis)
Maned rat (Lophiomys imhausi)
Meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus)
Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
Northern mole vole (Ellobius talpinus)
Oldfield mouse (Peromyscus polionotus subgriseus)
Prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster)
Reed vole (Microtus fortis)
Russian hamster (Phodopus sungorus)
Shergylaensis vole (Neodon shergylaensis)
Southern red-backed vole (Myodes gapperi)
Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
Tawny-bellied cotton rat (Sigmodon fulviventer)
Texas mouse (Peromyscus attwateri)
Transcaucasian mole vole (Ellobius lutescens)
Tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus)
White-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)
Ctenodactylidae
Common gundi (Ctenodactylus gundi)
Ctenomyidae
Social tuco-tuco (Ctenomys sociabilis)
Dasyproctidae
Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata)
Dinomyidae
Pacarana (Dinomys branickii)
Dipodidae
Gobi jerboa (Allactaga bullata)
Lesser Egyptian jerboa (Jaculus jaculus)
Meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius)
Echimyidae
Coypu (Myocastor coypus)
Erethizontidae
Brazilian porcupine (Coendou prehensilis)
North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsata)
Geomyidae
Botta’s pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae)
Gliridae
Edible dormouse (Glis glis)
Hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius)
Woodland dormouse (Graphiurus murinus)
Heteromyidae
Banner-tailed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis)
Little pocket mouse (Perognathus longimembris pacificus)
Merriam’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami)
Ord’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii)
Stephens’ kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi)
Hystricidae
Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura)
African grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus)
African woodland thicket rat (Grammomys surdaster)
Allen’s wood mouse (Hylomyscus alleni)
Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Cairo spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus)
Fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus)
Giant white-tailed rat (Uromys caudimaculatus)
Greater bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica)
Libyan jird (Meriones libycus)
Mesic four-striped grass rat (Rhabdomys dilectus)
Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Mount Data shrew-rat (Rhynchomys soricoides)
Mouse (Mus musculus)
Paulina’s limestone rat (Saxatilomys paulinae)
Red spiny rat (Maxomys surifer)
Ricefield rat (Rattus argentiventer)
Southern multimammate mouse (Mastomys coucha)
Steppe field mouse (Apodemus fulvipectus)
Nesomyidae
Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus)
Octodontidae
Common degu (Octodon degus)
Mountain viscacha rat (Octomys mimax)
Plains viscacha rat (Tympanoctomys barrerae)
Pedetidae
South African springhare (Pedetes capensis)
Petromuridae
Dassie rat (Petromus typicus)
Platacanthomyidae
Chinese pygmy dormouse (Typhlomys cinereus)
Sciuridae
Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota)
Arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii)
California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)
Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus)
Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
Guayaquil squirrel (Sciurus stramineus)
Red and white giant flying squirrel (Petaurista alborufus)
Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)
Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus)
Southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans)
Thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus)
Unstriped ground squirrel (Xerus rutilus)
Yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris)
Spalacidae
Chinese zokor (Eospalax fontanierii)
Hoary bamboo rat (Rhizomys pruinosus)
Upper Galilee Mountains blind mole-rat (Spalax galili)
Thryonomyidae
Greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus)
Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis)
Large treeshrew (Tupaia tana)
West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus)
Dugong (Dugong dugon)Solenodontidae
Hispaniolan solenodon (Solenodon paradoxus woodi)
Soricidae
American water shrew (Sorex palustris)
Cinereous shrew (Sorex cinereus)
Common shrew (Sorex araneus)
Etruscan shrew (Suncus etruscus)
Greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula)
Talpidae
Eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus)
European mole (Talpa europaea)
Gracile shrew mole (Uropsilus gracilis)
Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus)
Spanish mole (Talpa occidentalis)
Star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata)
Aardvark (Orycteropus afer)